If the mass of isoamyl acetate obtained were … In parallel, esterification process was realized by grafting of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) on the hydroxyl groups of TOCgel in the presence of 1-methylimidazole as a promoter. Esterification of carboxylic acids capable of forming ketene intermediates upon treatment with carbodiimides permits the selective acylation of alcohols in the presence of phenols lacking strong electron-withdrawing groups.

Define ketene. Hiroaki Miyaoka, Koichiro Ota. The catalyst was also efficient in the hydration of nitriles. addition of 2-methylpropene to an acid to form t-butyl esters, the addition of ketene to make acetates, and the reaction of a silver salt with an alkyl halide. In this paper, we studied the hydrophobization of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose gel (TOCgel) by covalent coupling of long carbon chains via esterification and amidation processes. Total Synthesis and Structural Reassignment of Lyngbyaloside C Highlighted by Intermolecular Ketene Esterification.

Recently, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) has been studied as a hydrophobic reagent for wood modification, where it is assumed that the AKD molecules can directly react with hydroxyl groups of cellulose to form β-ketoester linkages by esterification (Song et al. In this context, amidation process was achieved by covalent coupling of stearylamine (SA) on the carboxyl moieties of TOCgel using carbodiimide and hydroxysuccimide as catalyst and amidation agent. Chemistry - A European Journal 2015, 21 (10.1002/chem.v21.30) , 10681-10686. The critical technologies that would be required for these routes were: (1) the esterification of acetaldehyde (AcH) with ketene to generate VAM, (2) the hydrogenation of ketene to acetaldehyde, (3) the hydrogenation of acetic acid to acetaldehyde, and (4) the reductive carbonylation of … Green Modification of Surface Characteristics of Cellulosic Materials at the Molecular or Nano Scale: A Review Martin A. Hubbe, a, * Orlando J. Rojas, b and Lucian A. Lucia a,c Many current and potential uses of cellulosic materials depend critically on the character of their surfaces. Suppose that in the synthesis of isoamyl acetate, a student began with 6.049 grams of acetic acid and 3.465 grams of isoamyl alcohol. Article (PDF Available) in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry … ketene synonyms, ketene pronunciation, ketene translation, English dictionary definition of ketene. The selectivity of acylations involving highly acidic phenols could be reversed through the addition of catalytic amount of acid. As noted above, Fischer esterification is an equilibrium process. 2012; Yoshida et al. DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502132. Both reactions were optimized by varying the bases, temperatures and solvents. 2007, 2012). . AKD has been widely used as a sizing agent in The oxidative esterification reaction was carried out for various activated alcohols giving excellent yields of the corresponding ester products. ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Esterification of Ketenes Catalyzed by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene.

n. A pungent, toxic, colorless gas, C2H2O, used chiefly as an acetylation agent.

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