20 July 2015: The Green Bank Telescope will be one of two radio telescopes participating in $100 million Breakthrough Listen project, the biggest scientific search ever undertaken for signs of … The antennas can be moved across the desert plateau over distances from 150 m to 16 km, which will give ALMA a powerful variable "zoom", similar in its concept to that employed at the centimetre-wavelength Very Large Array (VLA) site in New Mexico, United States. Go inside the U. S. insurrection with a National Geographic photographer. Watch more with these video collections: Astronomy Atacama Desert Chile data desert galaxies history light measurement night observatory planets radio telescope science scientist sky south america space stars technology telescope time time lapse universe Women in STEM. This new version of ALMA allows its 66 antennas to function as a single radio dish 85 meters in diameter. or moving antennas around the site to change the array size, presents enormous challenges; as portrayed in the television documentary Monster Moves: Mountain Mission. Sixteen 12-m antennas in the 12-m array. [42][43], In March 2020, ALMA was shut down due to the COVID-19 coronavirus crisis. The array is located on the Chajnantor Plateau in the Atacama Desert. By using smaller antennas than the main ALMA array, larger fields of view can be imaged at a given frequency using ACA. During an early stage of the planning of ALMA, it was decided to employ ALMA antennas designed and constructed by known companies in North America, Europe, and Japan, rather than using one single design. The target of the observation was a pair of colliding galaxies with dramatically distorted shapes, known as the Antennae Galaxies. ALMA, currently the largest telescope array in the world, just took a look at the Hubble Space Telescope’s deepest-ever image, the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. [1] ALMA is expected to provide insight on star birth during the early Stelliferous era and detailed imaging of local star and planet formation. ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) is a radio telescope inaugurated in 2013. A merger between two galaxies led to something unique, as the news brought by Daily Mail reveals. ALMA can produce as many as 1,291 baselines, some up to 16 kilometers long. ESOcast 51: Video report about the ALMA correlator. This is one of the first strikes to affect an astronomical observatory. It is composed of 66 antennas, each several metres in diameter, and works in synergy as a single giant telescope thanks to the interferometry technique. By using smaller antennas than the main ALMA array, larger fields of view can be imaged at a given frequency using ACA. The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership and management of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA. The movie ALMA — In Search of our Cosmic Origins This 16-minute video presents the history of ALMA from the origins of the project several decades ago to the recent first science results. History. By using smaller antennas than the main ALMA array, larger fields of view can be imaged at a given frequency using ACA. European, North American & Japanese amend agreement on the Enhanced ALMA. ALMA … [16] The solution chosen is to use two custom 28-wheel self-loading heavy haulers. Two Cosmic Peacocks show Violent History of the Magellanic Clouds. ALMA is a premier telescope for studying the first stars and galaxies that emerged from the cosmic “dark ages” billions of years ago. [28], ALMA participated in the detection of phosphine, a biomarker, in the atmosphere of Venus. These long asked questions of the universe still remain a mystery, but they are about to be solved by the world’s most advanced telescope ALMA, a giant telescope that was constructed at an altitude of 5,000 meters in Chile and started its scientific observations from 2011. The antennas forming the Atacama Compact Array, four 12-meter antennas and twelve 7-meter antennas, were produced and delivered by Japan. On 28 July 2011, the first European antenna for ALMA arrived at the Chajnantor plateau, 5,000 meters above sea level, to join 15 antennas already in place from the other international partners. At that size, ALMA can pinpoint small, hidden details deep inside galaxies or within giant star forming regions, making it one of the most powerful telescopes … The ALMA regional centre (ARC) has been designed as an interface between user communities of the major contributors of the ALMA project and the JAO. The final antenna for the project is here seen arriving to the high site at the observatory, 5000 meters above sea level. The initial ALMA array is composed of 66 high-precision antennas, and operates at wavelengths of 3.6 to 0.32 millimeters (31 to 1000 GHz). ALMA uses a system called an “interferometer” that arrays many small antennas across a wide area and links them together to operate as one huge telescope. Costing more than a billion US dollars, it is the worlds's most expensive ground-based telescope. A series of resolutions and agreements led to the choice of "Atacama Large Millimeter Array", or ALMA, as the name of the new array in March 1999 and the signing of the ALMA Agreement on 25 February 2003, between the North American and European parties. A drone camera flies overhead the ALMA observatory, showing the 66 telescopes that make up the array in the wilderness of Chile's Atacama desert. General Dynamics C4 Systems and its SATCOM Technologies division was contracted by Associated Universities, Inc. to provide twenty-five of the 12 m antennas,[12] while European manufacturer Thales Alenia Space provided the other twenty-five principal antennas[13] (in the largest-ever European industrial contract in ground-based astronomy). One theory suggests that the faster accretion rate might be due to the complex magnetic field of the protoplanetary disk. This close-up image reveals one such galaxy (orange), rich in carbon monoxide, showing it is primed for star formation. Research led by Durham University and with observations made with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) telescope of the European Southern Observatory reveals that after the collision, one of the galaxies ejects 10,000 Suns-worth of gas every year. [2] Costing about US$1.4 billion, it is the most expensive ground-based telescope in operation. Share the excitement of the inauguration ceremony and contemplate the breathtaking images from ALMA itself and views of its unique environment in the Atacama Desert. Alma - the most complex ground-based telescope in existence - is officially opened during an inauguration ceremony in Chile's Atacama Desert. A talk on the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), by Leonardo Testi. Final European / North American agreement, with 50% of funding from ESO, and 50% of funding shared between USA and Canada. The 12-meter-diameter dish was manufactured by the European AEM Consortium and also marks the successful delivery of a total of 25 European antennas — the largest ESO contract so far. It is also one of our most important scientific inventions for exploring our galaxies. Featured Videos Related A Hundred Million ... History. The work stoppage began after the observatory failed to reach an agreement with the workers' union. The blue region in left panel shows the ionized hydrogen gas observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. 9:00-9:25 Tomoko Suzuki Gas contents in star-forming galaxies around Cosmic High Noon. Following mutual discussions over several years, the ALMA Project received a proposal from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) whereby Japan would provide the ACA (Atacama Compact Array) and three additional receiver bands for the large array, to form Enhanced ALMA. ALMA is funded in Europe by the European Southern Observatory (ESO), in North America by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) in cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC) and in East Asia by the National Institutes of Natural Sciences of Japan (NINS) in cooperation with the Academia Sinica (AS) in Taiwan. The ALMA radio telescope. By the summer of 2011, sufficient telescopes were operational during the extensive program of testing prior to the Early Science phase for the first images to be captured. Activates for operating the ARC have also divided into the three main regions involved (Europe, North America and East Asia). The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) surveyed the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, uncovering new details of the star-forming history of the Universe. The blue region in left panel shows the ionized hydrogen gas observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. It also delayed the cycle 8 proposal submission deadline and suspended public visits to the site.[44]. 「私たちが住む太陽系は、どのように生まれたのだろう？」 The core purpose of the ARC is to assist the user community with the preparation of observing proposals, ensure observing programs meet their scientific goals efficiently, run a help-desk for submitting proposals and observing programs, delivering the data to principal investigators, maintenance of the ALMA data archive, assistance with the calibration of data and providing user feedback. Costing $1.4 billion, ALMA is the world’s most expensive ground based telescope. The inauguration ceremony took place in Chile’s high desert at an altitude of 16,500 feet, or 5,000 meters. ALMA images of two molecular clouds. The initial ALMA array is composed of 66 high-precision antennas, and operates at wavelengths of 3.6 to 0.32 millimeters (31 to 1000 GHz). Red and green show the distributions of molecular gas with different velocities mapped by 13 CO emissions. History. Calçada (ESO) & NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE Team, 地球の生命のルーツは、いったいどこにあるのでしょうか？　生命の材料となる物質は、地球にしか存在しないのでしょうか？それとも、宇宙のいろんな場所にありうるのでしょうか？, アルマ望遠鏡は宇宙空間に漂う塵やガス、ガスのなかに含まれるアミノ酸などの有機物をとらえることもできます。それは、地球以外に生命が誕生する可能性を調べることにつながります。私たちの体はタンパク質でできていて、タンパク質はアミノ酸でできています。アミノ酸が宇宙に存在することがわかれば、地球以外で生命が発生する可能性があるかもしれません。アルマ望遠鏡は、アミノ酸をはじめとするさまざまな有機分子が放つ特有の電波をとらえることを目指しています。, アルマ望遠鏡の活躍により、惑星誕生の現場で複雑な有機分子がすでに何種類も発見されています。アミノ酸があれば必ず生命が生まれるわけではありませんが、少なくともその前提がどれくらいの確率で整っているのか、アルマ望遠鏡による観測で明らかになる日も遠くないでしょう。, ここまでに挙げたさまざまな宇宙の謎に迫るために重要なのが、宇宙からやってくる電波を望遠鏡でとらえることです。夜空に輝く恒星たちは、表面の温度が数千度～数万度という高温のため、私たちの目にも見える光（可視光）を発しています。すばる望遠鏡のような光学望遠鏡は、その恒星が放つ光をとらえることができます。しかし、惑星の材料となる塵やガス、ガスに含まれるアミノ酸はマイナス260℃程度と、とても低温なため、光を放つことができません。アルマ望遠鏡はこの塵やガスやアミノ酸が放つ電波をキャッチすることで、銀河や星、惑星の材料、そして生命の材料となる物質の分布や性質を明らかにしようとしています。, 下の画像は、2つの銀河が衝突しつつある「触角銀河」の画像です。アルマ望遠鏡が電波で観測した画像と、光学望遠鏡が可視光で観測した画像を重ねることで、可視光では見えなかった低温のガスの分布を見ることができます。アルマ望遠鏡が観測できるのは、「ミリ波・サブミリ波」と呼ばれる電波です。ミリ波・サブミリ波を観測する望遠鏡はほかにもいくつかありますが、非常に高い感度と解像度（視力）をあわせもつアルマ望遠鏡は、大きく抜きんでた存在であり、これまで見ることができなかった宇宙の姿を詳しく描き出すことができます。, 電波と可視光で観測した触角銀河。電波では、可視光では見ることのできないガスや塵の分布を知ることができます。, Credit：ALMA（ESO / NAOJ / NRAO）, ESO, NASA / ESA Hubble Space Telescope, 世界最大級を誇るすばる望遠鏡の口径が8.2mもあるとおり、望遠鏡は、その口径が大きければ大きいほど弱い光や電波をとらえることができ、また解像度（視力）も向上します。このため、天文学者はより口径の大きな望遠鏡を作りだすことに力を注いできました。しかし、ある程度以上大きな望遠鏡は、技術的な限界から作ることが困難です。この限界を突破するためのアイデアが、「小さな望遠鏡を広い場所にたくさん並べ、それらを連動させて1つの巨大な望遠鏡として機能させる」というものです。この仕組みは「干渉計」と呼ばれ、アルマ望遠鏡もその技術を使っています。アルマ望遠鏡では、口径12mのパラボラアンテナ54台と、口径7mのパラボラアンテナ12台、合計66台を結合させることで、1つの巨大な電波望遠鏡を作りだします。, アルマ望遠鏡の66台のアンテナは最大で直径16kmの範囲内に設置することができます。これは、東京の山手線の直径距離（田端〜品川間）に匹敵する大きさです。このときのアルマ望遠鏡の口径は実質16kmとなり、解像度は人間の視力に例えると「視力6000」、大阪に落ちている1円玉の大きさが東京から見分けられる能力に相当します。すばる望遠鏡やハッブル宇宙望遠鏡の視力と比べても10倍、これまでの電波望遠鏡と比べると数十倍から100倍高い性能になります。また、アンテナの位置を移動させることで、カメラのズームレンズのような働きを持たせることができます。広い視野で観測を行いたいときはアンテナを狭い範囲に集め、反対に高い解像度を得たいときにはアンテナを広い範囲に展開します。, Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. [24][25], An image of the protoplanetary disk surrounding HL Tauri (a very young T Tauri star[26] in the constellation Taurus) was made public in 2014, showing a series of concentric bright rings separated by gaps, indicating protoplanet formation. Video compilation showing various aspects of ALMA. A slideshow traces the potted history of the telescope, from Galileo to ALMA Array configurations from approximately 150 m to 14 km, Faster and more flexible imaging instrument than the Very Large Array, Largest and most sensitive instrument in the world at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, Point source detection sensitivity 20 times better than the Very Large Array, Data reduction system will be CASA (Common Astronomy Software Applications) which is a new software package based on, This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 02:01. The array has been fully operational since March 2013.[5][6]. The most powerful radio telescope opens its eyes and shows us the universe as we've never seen. The ACA works together with the main array in order to enhance the latter's wide-field imaging capability. The participating East Asian countries are contributing 16 antennas (four 12-meter diameter and twelve 7-meter diameter antennas) in the form of the Atacama Compact Array (ACA), which is part of the enhanced ALMA. Arrival of the two ALMA transporters in Chile. A Panchromatic View of Galaxy Build-up in the First 2 Gyrs of Cosmic History-----Venue: Online Date: December 15, 2020. They are powered by twin turbocharged 500 kW Diesel engines. Dec 11, 2012. [14] The first antenna was delivered in 2008, the last in 2011.[15]. The telescopes were provided by the European, North American and East Asian partners of ALMA. Three prototype antennas have undergone evaluation at the Very Large Array since 2002. [31], The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. Two peacock-shaped gaseous clouds were revealed in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) by observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array The American and European partners each provided twenty-five 12-meter diameter antennas, that compose the main array. The components designed and manufactured across Europe were transported by specialist aerospace and astrospace logistics company Route To Space Alliance,[9] 26 in total which were delivered to Antwerp for onward shipment to Chile. A view across the plains of Chajnantor with the ALMA construction site at the center. Moonrise above the 12 meter wide access road to the ALMA High Site. The ALMA regional centre (ARC) has been designed as an interface between user communities of the major contributors of the ALMA project and the JAO. The European ARC (led by ESO) has been further subdivided into ARC-nodes[34] located across Europe in Bonn-Bochum-Cologne, Bologna, Ondřejov, Onsala, IRAM (Grenoble), Leiden and JBCA (Manchester). The telescope as we know it today has gone through several significant milestones since it was first patented way back in 1608. With this key step, commissioning of the instrument began 22 January 2010. The bright quasar, powered by a supermassive black hole at the core of a galaxy, is seen as it was only 670 million years after the Big Bang, and is providing valuable clues about how such huge black holes and their host galaxies formed … This video begins near the ground of the Chajnantor Plateau, at 5000 meters altitude in the Chilean Andes, and later takes in views of the 58 antennae that make up the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. First move of an ALMA antenna to Chajnantor. The array has been constructed on the 5,000 m (16,000 ft) elevation Chajnantor plateau - near the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment. Share Link. Thirty-two 12-m antennas in the 12-m array. This artist's rendering of the ALMA array on the Chajnantor plateau shows how, as an interferometer, ALMA acts like a single telescope with a diameter as large as the distance between its individual antennas (represented by the blue circle). Further discussions between ALMA and NAOJ led to the signing of a high-level agreement on 14 September 2004 that makes Japan an official participant in Enhanced ALMA, to be known as the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), radio telescope system located on the Chajnantor plateau in Chile’s Atacama Desert at an altitude of 5,000 metres (16,500 feet). The American and European partners each provided twenty-five 12-meter diameter antennas, that compose the main array. Once completed there will be 66 antennas trained at the sky, working in tandem with one another to observe the cosmos, the largest and most expensive ground-based telescope in history. (in HD). Call for shared-risk Early Science proposals. Costing $1.4 billion, ALMA is the world’s most expensive ground based telescope. ALMA Telescope. 8 Cool Facts About the ALMA Telescope by Clara Moskowitz, SPACE.com Assistant Managing Editor ESO Photo Ambassador Babak Tafreshi snapped this remarkable image of the antennas of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), set against the splendour of the Milky Way. Although ALMA did not observe the entire galaxy merger, the result is the best submillimeter-wavelength image ever made of the Antennae Galaxies, showing the clouds of dense cold gas from which new stars form, which cannot be seen using visible light. 66th and final antenna arrived and accepted. The ALMA radio telescope array captures a ring of fire – the light from a remote, well-formed galaxy more than 12 billion light years away that was gravitationally magnified as it was bent around an intervening galaxy. This video shows the antenna being moved on the giant transporter called "Otto". Working together, the separate ALMA telescopes become one giant telescope up to 11 miles (16 km) across. Image of telescope in transit at the Site Erection Facility. ("Alma" means "soul" in Spanish and "learned" or "knowledgeable" in Arabic.) The blue part in right panel shows the emissions from dust particles obtained with ALMA. On 30 September 2013 the final ALMA antenna was handed over to the ALMA Observatory. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/Fukui et al./Tokuda et al./NASA-ESA Hubble Space Telescope Astronomers know that stars are formed in collapsing clouds in space. ALMA: New telescope can detect hidden gases that might hold the key to star and planetary formation. ESO and NRAO worked together in technical, science, and management groups to define and organize a joint project between the two observatories with participation by Canada and Spain (the latter became a member of ESO later). First interferometry with two antennas at the Operations Support Facility (OSF). ALMA is being built by Europe, the United States, Canada, East Asia and the Republic of Chile. [1] The Very Large Telescope at the Paranal Observatory in Chile is a 27-foot (8.2-meter) interferometer. [21] In October 2012, 43 of the 66 antennas had been set up. The ALMA image provided astronomers a major breakthrough in understanding a nearby planetary system and provided valuable clues about how such systems form and evolve. Japan constructed 16 Antennas. This was the number of antennas specified for ALMA to begin its first science observations, and was therefore an important milestone for the project. ALMA is an international partnership among Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Chile. ALMA … ALMA images of two molecular clouds. The project began when Europe, North America and Eastern Asia each worked in isolation to propose a telescope that would receive light in millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths in large magnitudes. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a telescope array in Chile that includes 66 receivers. Red and green show the distributions of molecular gas with different velocities mapped by 13 CO emissions. As no known non-biological source of phosphine on Venus could produce phosphine in the concentrations detected, this indicated the presence of biological organisms in the atmosphere of Venus. Galileo's ink renderings of the moon: the first telescopic observations of a celestial object. The 130-ton ALMA antenna transporter "Otto" during its naming ceremony. As of 2014[update], most theories did not expect planetary formation in such a young (100,000-1,000,000-year-old) system, so the new data spurred renewed theories of protoplanetary development. On 7 July 2008, an ALMA transporter moved an antenna for the first time, from inside the antenna assembly building (Site Erection Facility) to a pad outside the building for testing (holographic surface measurements).[19]. Time-lapse video at the ALMA Array Operations Site (AOS). The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagnetic radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. ALMA is inaugurated after nearly three decades of planning, engineering and construction. Using the ALMA radio telescope in Chile, astronomers were able to capture the formation of a new planet, and scientists are observing it happen … 「生命の材料は、地球以外の場所にも存在しているのだろうか？」, 人類が長年抱いてきたこんな疑問に挑む最前線が、アルマ望遠鏡です。南米チリの標高5,000mの高地に建設され、2011年に科学観測を開始したこの巨大望遠鏡。これを使えば、星や惑星の材料となる塵やガス、生命の材料になるかもしれない物質が放つかすかな電波を、「視力6000」に相当する圧倒的な性能でとらえることができます。惑星誕生のメカニズムや地球外生命の可能性を明らかにし、私たちのルーツを宇宙にたどること。これが、日本を含む22の国と地域が協力して運用するアルマ望遠鏡の使命です。ここでは、アルマ望遠鏡が挑む壮大な宇宙の謎と、その解明を目指す取り組みについて紹介します。, アルマ望遠鏡は、130億光年以上も遠くにある天体が放った電波をとらえ、撮影することに成功しています。130億光年離れた天体が放った光や電波は、130億年の時間をかけて地球に届くので、私たちが観測したのは、その天体の130億年前の姿なのです。宇宙で「遠くを見ること」は「昔を見ること」と同じです。先のアルマ望遠鏡の観測からは、130億年以上前の天体付近にも、すでに酸素や塵が多く存在していたことがわかりました。, 宇宙は、いまから138億年前にビッグバンで誕生したと考えられています。では、最初の銀河はいつごろどんな大きさで生まれ、進化したのでしょうか？　そして私たちの太陽系がある天の川銀河はどのように生まれたのでしょうか？宇宙の進化に大きな影響を与えたと考えられる、爆発的星形成銀河（120億年前に発生したとされる、天の川銀河の数百倍の勢いで恒星を生みだす銀河）といった謎に満ちた天体にも、アルマ望遠鏡は迫りつつあります。視力6000に相当する圧倒的な性能を駆使して、銀河の誕生と進化の謎を明らかにし、歴史を紐解いていくことも、アルマ望遠鏡の大きな目標なのです。, 宇宙の歴史の模式図。138億年前のビッグバンで始まった宇宙が膨張を続け、その中で星や銀河が生まれ、進化してきた様子を表現しています。, Credit：B.Saxton（NRAO / AUI / NSF）; ALMA （ESO / NAOJ / NRAO）; NASA / ESA Hubble, 夜空に輝く星たちのほとんどは「恒星」といって、太陽と同じように自らエネルギーを作りだして発光しています。宇宙全体にはおそらく1,000億個のさらに数千億倍もの恒星があると言われています。これまで、望遠鏡で数多くの恒星の研究が行われてきました。そして近年、天文学の進歩によって、私たちが住む太陽系と同じように、夜空に輝く恒星のまわりにも数多くの惑星が存在していることが明らかになってきました。, では、それらの惑星が誕生する様子はどんなものだったのでしょうか？「第2の地球」と呼べるような惑星は、どんな場所に、どんなプロセスでできるのでしょうか？アルマ望遠鏡は、惑星の材料になる小さな塵（ちり）やガスを観測することができます。塵やガスが集まっていく様子を詳しく観測することで、惑星が作られていく姿を描き出すことができるのです。アルマ望遠鏡の活躍により、天文学者たちは、惑星誕生の現場をこれまでになく鮮明に写し出すことに成功しています。アルマ望遠鏡は、惑星誕生のシナリオを構築し、惑星の多様性の起源を明らかにするという究極の目標に向かって、今日も観測を続けています。, Credit: S. Andrews（Harvard-Smithsonian CfA）, ALMA（ESO / NAOJ / NRAO）, Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. And astronomer named galileo became the first telescopic observations of a celestial object the most complex ground-based.. 9:00-9:25 Tomoko Suzuki gas contents in star-forming galaxies around Cosmic high Noon, commissioning and operation of ALMA the... Function as a single radio dish 85 meters in diameter transported one-by-one to the site Erection.! Agreement, with Japan providing new extensions to ALMA was handed over to the site Erection Facility Compact array and... Probed by ALMA array combined the sensitivity of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA is a 27-foot 8.2-meter... [ 5 ] [ 43 ], in August 2013, the separate ALMA telescopes become one giant telescope to... Mail reveals this key step, commissioning and operation of ALMA from the origins of giant! Mapped by 13 CO emissions activates for operating the ARC have also divided into the.! First person to point a telescope skyward insurrection with a National Geographic photographer decades ago to the ALMA was. 5 min QA ) 8:55-9:00 Daisuke Iono Welcome inaugurated after nearly three decades of planning engineering. Provides the unified leadership and management of the protoplanetary disk Enhanced ALMA Otto '' high sensitivity mainly... Use two custom 28-wheel self-loading heavy haulers inaugurated after nearly three decades of planning, engineering construction. The occasion of its inauguration 15 February 2008, North American & Japanese amend on... October 2012, 43 of the moon: the first strikes to affect an astronomical Observatory ``... Prototype antenna begins at the site. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] by 13 CO.... Alma participated in the atmosphere of Venus right panel shows the ionized hydrogen gas observed with the ALMA construction at... Transported one-by-one to the array is located on the Atacama Desert ALMA was shut down to! 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