Most EU Member States base their statistics on administrative data sources such as population registers, registers of foreigners, registers of residence or work permits, health insurance registers and tax registers. The number of Venezuelans rose by nearly 40 times in 2019 compared to 2018. Germany reported the largest total number of immigrants (893.9 thousand) in 2018, followed by Spain (643.7 thousand), France (386.9 thousand) and Italy (332.3 thousand). Migration flows: Immigration to the EU-27 from non-member countries was 2.4 million in 2018 A total of 3.9 million peopleimmigratedto one of theEU-27Member States during 2018, while 2.6 million East-west migration. This page was last modified on 16 November 2020, at 10:42. It is harder to keep track of people leaving a country than those arriving, because for a migrant it is very often much more important to interact about his/her migration with the authorities of the receiving country than with those of the country he/she is leaving. In the case of Latvia and Estonia, the proportion of citizens from non-member countries is particularly large due to the high number of recognised non-citizens (mainly former Soviet Union citizens, who are permanently resident in these countries but have not acquired any other citizenship). This statistic shows development of the foreign-born population in the European Union as of 2018. In September 2007, the European Commission presented its third annual report on migration and integration (COM(2007) 512 final). Immigration of this kind embodies not only lawbreaking but also unfairness, penalizing those from other countries who wish to live in the United States but abide by the established rules for doing so. Germany: the largest number of immigrants and emigrants. Gross domestic product (annual) Gross domestic product (quarterly) Composite Leading Indicators. Some countries use mirror statistics, sample surveys or estimation methods to produce migration statistics. It is a comprehensive document and covers all aspects of migration and asylum policy by the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs and EU agencies. The topic of immigration looms large, as immigration numbers have grown in the last 27 years. Naturalisation rate: The term ‘naturalisation rate’ should be used with caution because the numerator includes all modes of acquisitions and not just naturalisations of eligible residing foreigners and the denominator includes all foreigners, rather than foreigners who are eligible for naturalisation. Romanian, Polish, Italian and Portuguese citizens were the four biggest groups of EU-27 citizens living in other EU-27 Member States in 2019 (see Figure 7). The majority of Turks (59 %) received German citizenship, and around half of the Brazilians received Italian citizenship (46 %). More. In Luxembourg and Hungary the majority of new citizenships granted were to citizens of another EU-27 Member State. Since 2008 the collection of migration and international protection data has been based on Regulation 862/2007 and the analysis and composition of the EU, EFTA and candidate countries groups as of 1 January of the reference year are given in the implementing Regulation 351/2010. Europe has been a crossroads of human mobility since ancient times. This means that in most EU-27 Member States, the majority of non-nationals were citizens of non-EU-27 countries (see Table 5). As of 2019, the number of international migrants worldwide stood at almost 272 million (or 3.5 percent of the world’s population), according to UN Population Division estimates. Member States retain the right to determine volumes of admission for people coming from third countries to seek work. In 2018, the relative share of national immigrants (immigrants with the citizenship of the EU-27 Member State to which they were migrating) within the total number of immigrants was highest in Romania (82 % of all immigrants), Slovakia (60 %), Lithuania (57 %), Poland (55 %) and Bulgaria (55 %). Non-nationals in these four Member States collectively represented 71 % of the total number of non-nationals living in all of the EU-27 Member States, while the same four Member States had a 58 % share of the EU-27’s population. However, these total figures do not represent the migration flows to/from the EU-27 as a whole, since they also include flows between … In contrast, the International Passenger Survey (IPS) non-EU student immigration estimate decreased in the year ending September 2016. Of these, 3.6 million were from countries now in the European Union and 5.9 million were from non-EU countries. One commonly used indicator is the ‘naturalisation rate’, defined here as the ratio between the total number of citizenships granted and the stock of non-national residents at the beginning of the same year. Matters included resettlements and relocations, financial support to Greece and Italy, and facilities for refugees. Besides policies to encourage labour recruitment, immigration policy is often focused on two areas: preventing unauthorised migration and the illegal employment of migrants who are not permitted to work, as well as promoting the integration of immigrants into society. Significant resources have been mobilised to fight people smuggling and trafficking networks in the EU. Population archives. The EU-27 aggregates on Population by citizenship data as of 1 January 2019 includes UK in the composition of the EU because EU-27 data is not available for Cyprus and Malta. An analysis of the age structure of the population shows that, for the EU-27 as a whole, the foreign population was younger than the national population. A total of 22 of the EU-27 Member States reported more immigration than emigration in 2018, but in Bulgaria, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania the number of emigrants outnumbered the number of immigrants. 16 July 2019 Immigration 2018: Germany grew by 400,000 people. Focusing on how climate change, demography and economic factors create new reasons pushing people to move, it confirmed that the drivers behind migratory pressure on Europe were structural, thus making it all the more essential to deal with the matter efficiently and uniformly. Acquisition of citizenship data by individual former citizenship are not available for Romania for 2017 and 2018. Source: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth [migr_pop3ctb], Source: Eurostat, 'Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth', [migr_pop3ctb]. Integration: the EU may provide incentives and support for measures taken by Member States to promote the integration of legally resident third-country nationals; EU law makes n… On 15th of November 2017, the updated European Agenda on Migration focused on the refugee crisis, a common visa policy, and Schengen. However, these total figures do not represent the migration flows to/from the EU-27 as a whole, since they also include flows between different EU-27 Member States. In 2018, there were an estimated 2.4 million immigrants to the EU-27 from non-EU-27 countries and about 1.1 million people emigrated from EU-27 to a country outside the EU-27 - see Figure 1. As stated in Article 2.1(a), (b), (c) of Regulation 862/2007, immigrants who have been residing (or who are expected to reside) in the territory of an EU Member State for a period of at least 12 months are enumerated, as are emigrants living abroad for more than 12 months. An analysis by previous residence reveals that Luxembourg reported the largest share of immigrants coming from another EU-27 Member State (93 % of its total number of immigrants in 2018), followed by Slovakia (65 %) and Austria (62 %); relatively low shares were reported by Spain (19 % of all immigrants), as well as Italy and Slovenia (both 20 %) — see Table 3. The next highest levels of acquisition of citizenship were in Italy (112.5 thousand), France (110.0 thousand), Spain (90.8 thousand) and Sweden (63.8 thousand). Africapolis. They cover regulated movements of foreigners as well as free movement migration. This article presents European Union (EU) statistics on international migration (flows), number of national and non-national citizens in population ("stocks") and data relating to the acquisition of citizenship. As such, citizens of non-member countries accounted for 84 % of all persons who acquired citizenship of an EU-27 Member State in 2018. Free movement potentially increases social and cultural interactions within the EU and closer bonds between EU citizens. Germany also reported the highest number of emigrants in 2018 (540.4 thousand), followed by Spain (309.5 thousand), France (341.4 thousand), Romania (231.7 thousand) and Poland (189.8 thousand). The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. 2018 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (or older versions) in various forms (including Excel spreadsheets) and other complementary data products, including Annual Flow Reports, Fact Sheets, and Profiles of Lawful Permanent Residents and Naturalized Citizens. The Member State reporting the highest share of male immigrants was Croatia (75 %); by contrast, the highest share of female immigrants was reported in Portugal (53 %). An analysis comparing 2018 immigration and emigration data from the EU-27 Member States (mirror statistics) confirmed that this was true in many countries — as a result, this article focuses on immigration data. The net migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the overall level of population change. By contrast, the largest increases in absolute terms were observed in Spain (24 300 more persons were granted Spanish citizenship compared with 2017), followed by Portugal (+3 300) and Luxembourg (+2 000). In absolute terms, the highest decreases compared with 2017 were observed in Italy, as 34 100 less residents were granted Italian citizenship, followed by Greece (-6 400), Sweden (-5 100), Denmark (-4 400) and France (-4 300). This section provides a list of the tables published in the Immigration Statistics release. Keeping this cookie enabled helps us to improve our website. A high proportion of foreign citizens (10 % or more of the resident population) was also observed in Cyprus, Malta, Austria, Estonia, Latvia, Ireland, Belgium, Germany and Spain. In addition, 1.4 million people previously residing in one EU-27 Member State migrated to another Member State. Try the new automatic translation by clicking on the blue icon “Translate” up in the right corner of the article! The data presented are the result of a standardisation process that allows for cross-country comparisons. Country level. Data on acquisitions of citizenship are collected by Eurostat under the provisions of Article 3.1. Germany had the highest number of persons acquiring citizenship in 2018, at 116.8 thousand (or 17 % of the EU-27 total). The EU-27 Member State with the highest naturalisation rate in 2018 was Sweden (7.2 acquisitions per 100 non-national residents), followed by Romania and Portugal (with 5.6 and 5.1 acquisitions per 100 non-national residents, respectively). In addition, there were 13.3 million persons living in one of the EU-27 Member States on 1 January 2019 with the citizenship of another EU-27 Member State. 2.4 million immigrants entered the EU-27 from non-EU-27 countries in 2018. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. In addition, it may generate mutual economic benefits for businesses and consumers, including those who remain at home, as internal obstacles are steadily removed. By contrast, in Luxembourg, national immigration represented no more than 5 % of their total immigration in 2018. Relative to the size of the resident population, Malta recorded the highest rates of immigration in 2018 (55 immigrants per 1 000 persons), followed by Luxembourg (41 immigrants per 1 000 persons) — see Figure 2. 15 October 2018 Migration in 2017: immigration to Germany exceeding emigration by 416,000. Note: The value for different categories of country of birth may not sum to the totals due to rounding. Moving and living freely within the EU is the right most closely associated with EU citizenship. Population projections. Member States and EFTA countries by inclusion/exclusion of asylum seekers and refugees in the data on population reported to Eurostat in the framework of the Unified Demographic data collection Reference Year 2018, Note: Norway (Asylum seekers and refugees without residence permit are not included), Member States and EFTA countries by inclusion/exclusion of asylum seekers and refugees in the data on migration reported to Eurostat in the framework of the Unified Demographic data collection Reference Year 2018, Note: Norway (Asylum seekers and refugees without residence permit are not included); Ireland (Refugees who do not live in a private household are not included). In contrast, non-nationals represented less than 1 % of the population in Poland (0.8 %) and in Romania (0.6 %). Regarding the gender distribution of immigrants to the EU-27 Member States in 2018, there were slightly more men than women (54 % compared with 46 %). The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. Publications on statistics (EU bookshop) Most consulted statistics. Further Press Releases. Until the end of the Second World War, most migration was within and out of Europe. A European Commission Communication adopted in October 2008 emphasised the importance of strengthening the global approach to migration: increasing coordination, coherence and synergies (COM(2008) 611 final) as an aspect of external and development policy. Throughout history, the region has been a central part of global migration systems which its States helped to establish and shape, mainly through mercantilist and colonial expansions. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. Although high percentages are shown in red in the map, high numbers are not necessarily bad per se (if emigration is counteracted by high birth rate or immigration, as in the case of Ireland and Portugal). For comparison: The corresponding figure for the United States is just 0.9%. All; OECD (37) European Union (27) Euro Area (19) G7; G20; None; Time. In the year ending September … Citizens of EU Member States have freedom to travel and freedom of movement within the EU’s internal borders. A total of 20,760 have arrived in Greece so far this year, bringing the total number of arrivals in the EU in 2018 to just over 76,000. People in the EU: who are we and how do we live? Previous residence: 2.4 million immigrants entered the EU-27 in 2018. GDP per capita in purchasing power standards ; Growth rate of GDP volume – percentage change on previous year; Total population; Unemployment rate; Employment rate; Inflation rate (monthly) Inflation rate (annual) Immigration; Asylum; Opinion polls. 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