Potatoes (mainly Russets) are commonly used in plant research. De aardappel: Solanum tuberosum. Information and translations of solanum tuberosum in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. In France, the most notable potato dish is the Hachis Parmentier, named after Antoine-Augustin Parmentier, a French pharmacist, nutritionist, and agronomist who, in the late 18th century, was instrumental in the acceptance of the potato as an edible crop in the country. Gratin dauphinois, consisting of baked thinly sliced potatoes with cream or milk, and tartiflette, with Reblochon cheese, are also widespread. The historically significant Phytophthora infestans (late blight) remains an ongoing problem in Europe[30][73] and the United States. The potato was slow to be adopted by European farmers, but soon enough it became an important food staple and field crop that played a major role in the European 19th century population boom. In the third phase the tips of the stolons swell forming new tubers and the shoots continue to grow and flowers typically develop soon after. E raw cassava 'New Leaf', owned by Monsanto Company, incorporates genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, which confers resistance to the Colorado potato beetle; 'New Leaf Plus' and 'New Leaf Y', approved by US regulatory agencies during the 1990s, also include resistance to viruses. Van Gogh said he wanted to depict peasants as they really were. What does solanum tuberosum mean? The potato is a root vegetable native to the Americas, a starchy tuber of the plant Solanum tuberosum, and the plant itself is a perennial in the nightshade family, Solanaceae.. Wild potato species, originating in modern-day Peru, can be found throughout the Americas, from the United States to southern Chile. [13][14] The name originally referred to the sweet potato although the two plants are not closely related. At more formal dinners, a common practice includes taking small red potatoes, slicing them, and roasting them in an iron skillet. [80], Potatoes are usually cured after harvest to improve skin-set. It is commonly eaten with salt and pepper or brown sugar. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Solanum tuberosum L., Potato Methods Mol Biol. del distrito de Vilcashuaman, Ayacucho--Peru, mediante AFLP, Bactericidal and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenol Extracts from Solanum tuberosum spp. Each nutrient (every row) has the highest number highlighted to show the staple food with the greatest amount in a 100-gram raw portion. [113], The potato has been an essential crop in the Andes since the pre-Columbian Era. Pâté aux pommes de terre is a regional potato dish from the central Allier and Limousin regions. In sprouted and cooked form, the relative nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of each of these grains (or other foods) may be different from the values in this table. Solanum tuberosum 'Grimpantii' - Klimmende Aardappel Solanum tuberosum ‘Grimpantii’ – Klimmende Aardappel morningglory 1 maart 2018 Alles , Eenjarige planten , Plantencatalogus , S Common dishes are: mashed potatoes, which are first boiled (usually peeled), and then mashed with milk or yogurt and butter; whole baked potatoes; boiled or steamed potatoes; French-fried potatoes or chips; cut into cubes and roasted; scalloped, diced, or sliced and fried (home fries); grated into small thin strips and fried (hash browns); grated and formed into dumplings, Rösti or potato pancakes. Information and translations of solanum tuberosum in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The only requirement involves cooking to swell the starch granules. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. One popular favourite involves a baked potato with cheddar cheese (or sour cream and chives) on top, and in New England "smashed potatoes" (a chunkier variation on mashed potatoes, retaining the peel) have a great popularity. Unlike many foods, potatoes can also be easily cooked in a microwave oven and still retain nearly all of their nutritional value, provided they are covered in ventilated plastic wrap to prevent moisture from escaping; this method produces a meal very similar to a steamed potato, while retaining the appearance of a conventionally baked potato. Anthocyanins mainly responsible for red or blue pigmentation in potato cultivars do not have nutritional significance, but are used for visual variety and consumer appeal. Vada pav is a popular vegetarian fast food dish in Mumbai and other regions in the Maharashtra in India. Definition of SOLANUM TUBEROSUM • Dictionary meaning of Solanum tuberosum • Words with similar meaning as Solanum tuberosum They belong to eight or nine species, depending on the taxonomic school. In the US, potatoes have become one of the most widely consumed crops and thus have a variety of preparation methods and condiments. [a][83], Under optimum conditions in commercial warehouses, potatoes can be stored for up to 10–12 months. [28] Nonetheless, genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species affirms that all potato subspecies derive from a single origin in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme Northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex). There are about 5,000 potato varieties worldwide. Invented in 1949, and marketed and sold commercially by Hasbro in 1952, Mr. [40] In 2010, potatoes were bioengineered specifically for these pigmentation traits. Information about Solanum tuberosum in the … Potato crop yields are determined by factors such as the crop breed, seed age and quality, crop management practices and the plant environment. Nevertheless, under EU rules, individual countries have the right to decide whether they will allow this potato to be grown on their territory. The word has an unknown origin and was originally (c. 1440) used as a term for a short knife or dagger, probably related to the Latin spad- a word root meaning "sword"; compare Spanish espada, English "spade", and spadroon. A regional dish of Central New York, salt potatoes are bite-size new potatoes boiled in water saturated with salt then served with melted butter. Normal potato tubers that have been grown and stored properly produce glycoalkaloids in amounts small enough to be negligible to human health, but if green sections of the plant (namely sprouts and skins) are exposed to light, the tuber can accumulate a high enough concentration of glycoalkaloids to affect human health. A raw yellow dent corn However, poisoning from cultivated potato varieties is very rare. In 2010, the European Commission cleared the way for 'Amflora' to be grown in the European Union for industrial purposes only—not for food. The average quantity of all pesticide traces found in the 2,216 samples was 1.602 ppm. In 2012, GMO development in Europe was stopped by BASF. [44] Another GM potato variety developed by BASF is 'Fortuna' which was made resistant to late blight by adding two resistance genes, blb1 and blb2, which originate from the Mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum. A traditional Acadian dish from New Brunswick is known as poutine râpée. [6] Over 99% of presently cultivated potatoes worldwide descended from varieties that originated in the lowlands of south-central Chile.[9][10]. Plants propagated from tubers are clones of the parent, whereas those propagated from seed produce a range of different varieties. Definition of the noun solanum tuberosum. ", Business BASF applies for approval for another biotech potato, BASF applies for EU approval for Fortuna GM potato, U.S.D.A. Love (eds), University of Idaho Agricultural Communications, 363–81. The most complex designs use vine choppers and shakers, along with a blower system to separate the potatoes from the plant. Like all parts of the plant except the tubers, the fruit contain the toxic alkaloid solanine and are therefore unsuitable for consumption. Three thousand of them are found in the Andes alone, mainly in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia. [41], Genetic research has produced several genetically modified varieties. [30] Thousands of varieties still persist in the Andes however, where over 100 cultivars might be found in a single valley, and a dozen or more might be maintained by a single agricultural household. Dit bestand is gelicenseerd onder de Creative Commons-licenties Naamsvermelding-Gelijk delen 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Algemeen, 2.0 Algemeen en 1.0 Algemeen. [69][70], New tubers may start growing at the surface of the soil. John Donald. Solanum tuberosum, better known as the potato, is a popular vegetable crop for home gardeners. Different potato varieties contain different levels of glycoalkaloids. [47][48], In November 2014, the USDA approved a genetically modified potato developed by J.R. Simplot Company, which contains genetic modifications that prevent bruising and produce less acrylamide when fried than conventional potatoes; the modifications do not cause new proteins to be made, but rather prevent proteins from being made via RNA interference.[49][50][51]. Solanum tuberosum definition in English dictionary, Solanum tuberosum meaning, synonyms, see also 'solan',solum',solarium',solatium'. Among American Jews, the practice of eating latkes (fried potato pancakes) is common during the festival of Hanukkah. Different designs use different systems at this point. Next Up: French Fry Fans, J.R. Simplot Co.; Availability of Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status of Potato Genetically Engineered for Low Acrylamide Potential and Reduced Black Spot Bruise. [39] Carotenoid compounds include provitamin A alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, which are converted to the essential nutrient, vitamin A, during digestion. [18][14], Potato plants are herbaceous perennials that grow about 60 cm (24 in) high, depending on variety, with the leaves dying back after flowering, fruiting and tuber formation. During the second, photosynthesis begins as the plant develops leaves and branches above-ground and stolons develop from lower leaf axils on the below-ground stem. In general, the tubers of varieties with white flowers have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins. [21][22], The major species grown worldwide is Solanum tuberosum (a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes), and modern varieties of this species are the most widely cultivated. Curing allows the skin to fully set and any wounds to heal. [59], Potatoes are often broadly classified as having a high glycemic index (GI) and so are often excluded from the diets of individuals trying to follow a low-GI diet. (The glycoalkaloid content was, in order from highest to lowest: flowers, sprouts, leaves, tuber skin, roots, berries, peel [skin plus outer cortex of tuber flesh], stems, and tuber flesh).[11]. It is also occasionally seen in Korean and Thai cuisines. Colcannon is a traditional Irish food made with mashed potato, shredded kale or cabbage, and onion; champ is a similar dish. It is crucial that the storage area is dark, ventilated well and, for long-term storage, maintained at temperatures near 4 °C (39 °F). In the UK, potatoes form part of the traditional staple, fish and chips. It is generally either a Yukon Gold potato or a red potato, called gold creamers[78] or red creamers respectively, and measures approximately 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter. Stamppot, a traditional Dutch meal, is based on mashed potatoes mixed with vegetables. Wound-healing prevents infection and water-loss from the tubers during storage. Hancock RD, Morris WL, Ducreux LJM, Morris JA, Usman M, Verrall SR, Fuller J, Simpson R, Zhang CG, Hedley PE and MA TaylorPhysiological, biochemical and molecular responses of the potato (, In-vitro sterilization protocol for micropropagation of, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING TRAITS OF RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM, First record of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) disseminating Alternaria solani (Pleosporaceae) in potato crops in Brazil, Histopathology of Andean Potato (Solanum tuberosum Andigenum group) varieties parasitized by the false root-knot nematode, Nacobbus aberrans/Histopatologia de variedades de batata andina (Solanum tuberosum grupo Andigenum) parasitadas pelo falso nematoide das galhas, Nacobbus aberrans, Potato project to unlock potential of crop in the Rift, Diversidad genetica de papas nativas (Solanum spp.) Recent Examples on the Web Know your ash from alder, your atropa belladonna from solanum nigrum? Varieties that contain a slightly higher amylopectin content, which is a highly branched molecule, help the potato retain its shape after being boiled in water. They are believed to be probable carcinogens and their occurrence in cooked foods is being studied for potentially influencing health problems. [35] Potatoes that are good for making potato chips or potato crisps are sometimes called "chipping potatoes", which means they meet the basic requirements of similar varietal characteristics, being firm, fairly clean, and fairly well-shaped. In Germany, Northern (Finland, Latvia and especially Scandinavian countries), Eastern Europe (Russia, Belarus and Ukraine) and Poland, newly harvested, early ripening varieties are considered a special delicacy. As of 2014, potatoes were the world's fourth-largest food crop after maize (corn), wheat, and rice. The potato cyst nematode is a microscopic worm that thrives on the roots, thus causing the potato plants to wilt. Wikipedia ; See also . In Northern India, alu dum and alu paratha are a favourite part of the diet; the first is a spicy curry of boiled potato, the second is a type of stuffed chapati. Improvements in one or more of these yield determinants, and a closure of the yield gap, can be a major boost to food supply and farmer incomes in the developing world.[90][91]. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. A traditional Canary Islands dish is Canarian wrinkly potatoes or papas arrugadas. Gauldie, Enid (1981). The definition of Solanum Tuberosum is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to construct your own sentences based on it. The Potato (Solanum tuberosum L., 1753) is an herbaceous plant reaching 60 to 150 cm of height (variable depending on the variety), belonging to the family of theSolanaceae.. [72] Three successive plowings, with associated harrowing and rolling, are desirable before planting. Solanum tuberosum by Gaspard Bauhin (1591) oldest known European picture by Carolus Clusius (1583) Lower part of S. tuberosum plant. [109] The Tattie scone is a popular Scottish dish containing potatoes. It subsequently transferred over to a variety of digging tools. The chain deposits into an area where further separation occurs. A total of 36 unique pesticides were detected on potatoes over the 2,216 samples, though no individual sample contained more than 6 unique pesticide traces, and the average was 1.29 detectable unique pesticide traces per sample. Using DNA, scientists hunt for the roots of the modern potato, "The Potato's Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence from a Historical Experiment", "Potato production in 2018; Region/World/Production Quantity/Crops from pick lists", "Nutrient contents of potato, baked, flesh and skin, without salt per 100 grams", List of what counts towards 5 A DAY portions of fruit and vegetables, J-Agric-Food-Chem. [16] Potatoes are occasionally referred to as Irish potatoes or white potatoes in the United States, to distinguish them from sweet potatoes. It remains an essential crop in Europe (especially northern and eastern Europe), where per capita production is still the highest in the world, but the most rapid expansion over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia. pulling out the young tubers by hand while leaving the plant in place. Glycoalkaloid poisoning may cause headaches, diarrhea, cramps, and, in severe cases, coma and death. In Ecuador, the potato, as well as being a staple with most dishes, is featured in the hearty locro de papas, a thick soup of potato, squash, and cheese. [34] In general, varieties are categorized into a few main groups based on common characteristics, such as russet potatoes (rough brown skin), red potatoes, white potatoes, yellow potatoes (also called Yukon potatoes) and purple potatoes. There are two major subspecies of Solanum tuberosum: andigena, or Andean; and tuberosum, or Chilean. There are two triploid species (with 36 chromosomes): S. chaucha and S. juzepczukii. In the winter, roadside sellers in northern China will also sell roasted potatoes. Commercial planting of 'Amflora' was expected in the Czech Republic and Germany in the spring of 2010, and Sweden and the Netherlands in subsequent years. D raw potato with flesh and skin H raw sorghum Solanum tuberosum Meaning in Hindi: Find the definition of Solanum tuberosum in Hindi. For other uses, see, Plant species producing the tuber used as a staple food. Correct potato husbandry can be an arduous task in some circumstances. McDonald's, Burger King, Frito-Lay, and Procter & Gamble announced they would not use genetically modified potatoes, and Monsanto published its intent to discontinue the line in March 2001. [11][12], The English word potato comes from Spanish patata (the name used in Spain). The potato is a root vegetable native to the Americas, a starchy tuber of the plant Solanum tuberosum, and the plant itself is a perennial in the nightshade family, Solanaceae.[2]. 2019;1864:203-223. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_15. Breeders try to keep glycoalkaloid levels below 200 mg/kg (200 ppmw). Z raw plantains There are close to 4,000 varieties of potato including common commercial varieties, each of which has specific agricultural or culinary attributes. [8], Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over 5,000 different types of potatoes. This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 11:56. It was Mario Pei's 1949 The Story of Language that can be blamed for the word's false origin. Global warming is predicted to have significant effects on global potato production. 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