Although diffusion and effusion rates both depend on the molar mass of the gas involved, their rates are not equal; however, the ratios of their rates are the same. Effusion rates of gases changes according to Graham's diffusion law. Statement. 2. Rate of Diffusion: Rate of Diffusion = A m o u n t o f G a s P a s s i n g T h r o u g h a n A r e a U n i t o f T i m e \frac{Amount \;of \; Gas \; Passing \; Through \; an \; Area}{Unit \; of \; Time} U n i t o f T i m e A m o u n t o f G a s P a s s i n g T h r o u g h a n A r e a Here is an example to understand the diffusion of gases…

9.16: Kinetic Theory of Gases - Graham's Law of Diffusion - Chemistry LibreTexts Take water in a long, clean transparent glass jar. Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atom, ions, molecules) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Not all gases are alike, and due to their differing molecular masses, they move at different rates. Expression. Temperature. The equation at the top of this page is Graham's Law of Diffusion, named after the Scottish chemist Thomas Graham (1805 - 1869). The rate of diffusion of a gas ( measured in terms of number of moles of gas diffusing per unit time across unit area) is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas. Diffusion and Molecular Mass Explore the role of a molecule’s mass with respect to its diffusion rate. Example: If gases X and SO 2 are send out at same time from points A and B, they meet at point 20 cm away from B. The rate of diffusion is given as: The details of the rates of movement as they relate to molar mass are discussed in this section. We have studied in the previous unit that process of diffusion also occurs in liquids but the rate of diffusion in liquids is very slow. The slow rate of diffusion in liquid can be observed by the following simple experiment: 1. The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion Diffusion, surface area and volume For a bacterium, substances diffuse into and out of the bacterial cell across its surface. Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): Diffusion occurs when gas molecules disperse throughout a container. DIFFUSION IN LIQUIDS IS MUCH SLOWER THAN THAT IN GASES. The same can be said for the rate of effusion. Graham’s Law Scottish chemist Thomas Graham experimentally determined that the ratio of the rates of effusion for two gases is equal to the square root of the inverse ratio of the gases’ molar masses. i. raise in temperature is accompanied by an increase in the velocity at which the gas molecules move.

Diffusion is driven by a gradient in concentration. The law states the rate of diffusion or effusion of gases is inversely proportional to the square root of their respective molar masses at a given temperature and pressure.

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