The general equation for Alkanes is CnH2n+2.

Alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbon chains. Here is a list of the first 10 alkanes. Substituent groups are named as with alkanes, and their position is indicated by a number. [graphic 2.1] Kekulé, Electron-Dot and Three-Dimensional Structures. Nonene C9H18 9. Pentene C5H10 5.

Propene C3H6 3. Example: List of straight-chain alkanes. The compounds n-butane and 2-methylpropane are structural isomers (the term constitutional isomers is also commonly used). A branched chain alkane or branched alkane is an alkane which has alkyl groups bonded to its central carbon chain. For example, two alkanes have the formula C 4 H 10: They are called n-butane and 2-methylpropane (or isobutane), and have the following Lewis structures:.
Acyclic Alkanes : Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen in a 'chain-like' conformation Example: Cycloalkane : cyclic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen Example: In a molecule, atoms that are not carbon or hydrogen are called Heteroatoms (such as N, O). Jump to navigation Jump to search. Decene C10H20 10.

This means that alkenes can exhibit cis/trans isomerism, where the bulkiest group attached to each carbon atom participating in the double bond can either be on the same side (a cis isomer) or on opposite sides (a trans isomer). Hydrocarbons with the same formula, including alkanes, can have different structures. Hexene C6 h12 6. Consider the series in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\). The sequence starts with C 3 H 8, and a CH 2 unit is added in each step moving up the series. Undecene C11H22 Here are the names and structures of five alkanes: Notice that the molecular models on the right show that the bonds are not really at angles of 90°. Heptene C7H14 7. Cyclic structure containing heteroatoms are called heterocyclic.

Structures of Alkanes (2.1A) Organic chemists use a variety of different types of structures to represent alkanes such as these shown for methane (one C), ethane (two C's), and propane (three C's).

These are commonly known as paraffins and waxes. Propane and butane are gases at standard temperature and pressure and are used commonly in lighters. The Structure of Alkanes ** Methane (CH 4) and ethane (C 2 H 6) are the first two members of the alkane family.
** Figure shows Lewis structures and molecular models for Methane and Ethane.

The following is a list of …

(Substute the n with no.of carbons, eg:-Propane 3 C 'C3H2*3+2=C3H8') The suffixis on the first four are from an obscure system but you should be familiar with the rest. These are organic molecules that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms in a tree-shaped structure (acyclic or not a ring). Note that the numbering of the parent chain is always done in such a way as to give the double bond the lowest number, even if that causes a substituent to have a higher number. We'll be learning about different aspects of molecular structure, including common functional groups and conformations. so they are not linear.

between them by a straight line. The properties of organic molecules depend on the structure, and knowing the names of organic compounds allow us to communicate with other chemists. Butene C4H8 4. ** The shape of methane is tetrahedral and all H-C-H bond angles are 109.5°. Another important feature of a double bond is that it doesn't allow for free rotation.Single covalent bonds can twist and flip, but double bonds are rigid. Branched alkanes contain only carbon and hydrogen (C and H) atoms, with carbons connected to other carbons by single bonds only, but the molecules contain branches (methyl, ethyl, etc.) 1. Ethene C2H4 2. Octene C8H16 8. Any family of compounds in which adjacent members differ from each other by a definite factor (here a CH 2 group) is called a homologous series.The members of such a series, called homologs, have properties that vary in a regular and … Thus, the structure below is 5-methyl-2-hexene.


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